- PTAB · Aug 15, 2024 · IPR2023-01348 · APJ Neil T Powell · IPR · Director review
The Board instituted inter partes review of claims 2, 3, 5–15, 17, and 19–21 on the obviousness challenge over Spitballs and Peev.
RulingsDirector review decision- Director reviewDirector review, grantedGranted
“On February 12, 2024, we denied institution of inter partes review in this proceeding. Paper 10 (“Original Institution Decision”). On March 6, 2024, Petitioner requested that the Director review the Original Institution Decision. Paper 11. On July 9, 2024, the Director reversed and remanded our Original Institution Decision. Paper 12 (“Remand Dec.”). The Director ordered institution of inter partes review. Remand Dec. 21. Accordingly, as” slip op. at 2
- PTAB / AIA Trials › Institution threshold (reasonable likelihood / more likely than not)InstitutedInstituted
“information presented in the petition . . . shows that there is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with respect to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.” 35 U.S.C. § 314(a). The Director “determine[d] that Petitioner has shown a reasonable likelihood of prevailing in showing that at least one of the claims challenged . . . would have been obvious over Peev and Spitballs.” Remand Dec. 17. Additionally, having considered arguments from Patent Owner vying for discretionary denial of inter partes review, the Director “decline[d] to exercise . . . discretion under § 314(a) to deny institution of inter partes review.” Id. at 21. Accordingly, the Director “reverse[d] [our Original Institution Decision] and remand[ed] to the Board to institute trial.” Id.” slip op. at 7
- Adverse judgmentAdverse judgmentOther
“After the Petition was filed, Patent Owner disclaimed independent claim 1 and dependent claim 4 of the ’282 patent. Prelim. Resp. 26; Ex. 2013. Accordingly, Petitioner’s challenges to claims 1 and 4 need not be addressed. E.g., 37 C.F.R. § 42.107(e). Thus, the remaining challenged claims are claims 2, 3, 5–15, 17, and 19–21.” slip op. at 2
NonePatents in suitUS 8,371,282 - Siemens Mobility, Inc. / Ground Transportation Systems USA Inc. et al. v. Metrom Rail, LLCSome claims unpatentablePTAB · Jun 18, 2024 · IPR2023-00468 · APJ Iftikhar Ahmed · IPR · Final written decision
Claims 1–16 are unpatentable; claims 17–20 are not shown unpatentable because Petitioner failed to prove the asserted grounds by a preponderance of the evidence.
RulingsFinal written decision- Skill levelSkill level petitioner adoptedDecided for petitioner
“PO Resp. 4 (citing Ex. 2012 ¶ 37) (emphases added). Patent Owner argues that Petitioner’s approach expansively includes anyone working on collision avoidance and does not acknowledge that the railroad industry specifically is resistant to change and innovation. Id. (citing Ex. 2012 ¶ 40). Accordingly, Patent Owner contends that a person of ordinary skill in the art also would be characterized as “reluctant to innovate, a characteristic of this industry.” Id. at 5.” slip op. at 10
- Expert testimonyPatent owner expert discountedOther
“Id. (citing Ex. 2016, 1–6; Ex. 2019, 1–4; Ex. 1054, 125:20–141:7). Petitioner argues that “Dr. Cooklev’s analysis is legally insufficient because he assumed that any product that met a claim was in fact coextensive with it, regardless of whether it had additional features,” “boil[ing] coextensiveness down to infringement.” Id. at 10 (citing Ex. 1051, 117:5–10). Petitioner contends that Patent Owner’s only evidence that unclaimed features are irrelevant to AURA’s success is Dr. Cooklev’s conclusion, which is factually insufficient as it is based entirely on conversations with Messrs. Gunther and Marchi, without independent analysis. Id. (citing Ex. 2011 ¶ 41).” slip op. at 26
- Obviousness (§103) › Objective indicia / secondary considerations › NexusObjective indicia no nexusDecided for petitioner
“Id. (citing Ex. 2016, 1–6; Ex. 2019, 1–4; Ex. 1054, 125:20–141:7). Petitioner argues that “Dr. Cooklev’s analysis is legally insufficient because he assumed that any product that met a claim was in fact coextensive with it, regardless of whether it had additional features,” “boil[ing] coextensiveness down to infringement.” Id. at 10 (citing Ex. 1051, 117:5–10). Petitioner contends that Patent Owner’s only evidence that unclaimed features are irrelevant to AURA’s success is Dr. Cooklev’s conclusion, which is factually insufficient as it is based entirely on conversations with Messrs. Gunther and Marchi, without independent analysis. Id. (citing Ex. 2011 ¶ 41).” slip op. at 26
- Strike new argumentDenied
“Accordingly, Patent Owner’s Motion to Strike Exhibit 1060 and portions of Petitioner’s Reply is denied.” slip op. at 78
Patent outcomesUS 9,043,131 mixed§ 103 obviousnesscites KSR · GrahamPatents in suitUS 9,043,131 - BMW Of North America, LLC / Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC v. Michigan Motor Technologies, LLCAdverse judgmentPTAB · Jun 12, 2024 · IPR2023-01032 · APJ Scott B Howard · IPR · Adverse judgment
The Board denied Patent Owner’s motion to terminate and entered adverse judgment against Patent Owner on claims 1–7 because it disclaimed all claims in the trial.
RulingsAdverse judgment- Adverse judgmentAdverse judgmentGranted
“unobjected to. See Mot. 1 (Patent Owner not objecting to entry of adverse judgment); Opp. 2 (Petitioner not opposing entry of adverse judgment). The Board construes an action cancelling or disclaiming claims such that no challenged claims remain in the trial as a request for adverse judgment. 37 C.F.R. § 42.73(b)(2) (“Actions construed to be a request for adverse judgment include: . . . [c]ancellation or disclaimer of a claim such that the party has no remaining claim in the trial.”); see also McAfee, Inc. v. CAP Co., Ltd., IPR2016-00211, Paper 19 (PTAB Apr. 5, 2017) (entering adverse judgment based on motion to amend seeking cancellation of claims remaining in the trial). In this case, the Board instituted trial on claims 1–7 of the ’565 patent, none of which remains in the trial following Patent Owner’s statutory disclaimer. Ex. 2002, 3 (disclaiming claims 1–7). Accordingly, we construe Patent Owner’s disclaimer as a request for adverse judgment, and we grant that request.” slip op. at 3
- PTAB / AIA Trials › Other PTAB motions (exclude, strike, seal, additional discovery, rehearing)Denied
“We agree with Petitioner. A motion to terminate is governed by 37 C.F.R. § 42.72 (2023). Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.72, “[t]he Board may terminate a trial without rendering a final written decision, where appropriate, including where the trial is consolidated with another proceeding or pursuant to a joint request under 35 U.S.C. [§] 317(a) or 327(a).” In this case, there is no “consolidat[ion] . . . or . . . a joint request under 35 U.S.C. [§] 317(a) or 327(a),” so the application of § 42.72 here is unclear.” slip op. at 3
NonePatents in suitUS 6,581,565 - BMW Of North America, LLC v. Michigan Motor Technologies, LLCAdverse judgmentPTAB · Jun 11, 2024 · IPR2023-01031 · APJ Scott B Howard · IPR · Adverse judgment
The Board denied Patent Owner’s motion to terminate and entered adverse judgment against it on claims 1, 2, 4–7, and 9–13 because it disclaimed all claims in the trial.
RulingsAdverse judgment- Adverse judgmentAdverse judgmentGranted
“However, application of section 42.73 is straightforward and unobjected to. See Paper 23, 3 (Patent Owner not objecting to entry of adverse judgment). The Board construes an action cancelling or disclaiming claims such that no challenged claims remain in the trial as a request for adverse judgment. 37 C.F.R. § 42.73(b)(2) (“Actions construed to be a request for adverse judgment include: . . . [c]ancellation or disclaimer of a claim such that the party has no remaining claim in the trial.”); see also McAfee, Inc. v. CAP Co., Ltd., IPR2016-00211, Paper 19 (PTAB Apr. 5, 2017) (entering adverse judgment based on motion to amend seeking cancellation of claims remaining in the trial). In this case, the Board instituted trial on claims 1, 2, 4–7, and 9–13 of the ’482 patent, none of which remains in the trial following Patent Owner’s statutory disclaimer. Ex. 2005, 5 (disclaiming claims 1, 2, 4–7, and 9–13). Accordingly, we construe Patent Owner’s disclaimer as a request for adverse judgment, and we grant that request.” slip op. at 4
- PTAB / AIA Trials › Other PTAB motions (exclude, strike, seal, additional discovery, rehearing)Denied
“Patent Owner’s request as a motion to terminate pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.72 (2023). Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.72, “[t]he Board may terminate a trial without rendering a final written decision, where appropriate, including where the trial is consolidated with another proceeding or pursuant to a joint 2 Patent Owner did not state that it met-and-conferred with Petitioner. Nor did Patent Owner request authorization to file a motion to terminate the proceedings. request under 35 U.S.C. 317(a) or 327(a).” In this case, there is no “consolidat[ion] . . . or a joint request under 35 U.S.C. 317(a) or 327(a),” so the application of § 42.72 here is unclear.” slip op. at 3
NonePatents in suitUS 8,909,482 - Box, Inc. / Dropbox, Inc. v. Topia Technology, Inc.Institution deniedPTAB · Aug 10, 2023 · IPR2023-00432 · APJ Sheila F Mcshane · IPR · Institution
The Board denied institution because neither obviousness ground showed a reasonable likelihood of proving claims 1–4, 8–11, and 13–16 unpatentable.
RulingsInstitution decision- PTAB / AIA Trials › Institution threshold (reasonable likelihood / more likely than not)Institution denied meritsInstitution denied
“inter partes review may not be instituted “unless . . . the information presented in the petition . . . shows that there is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with respect to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.” For the reasons that follow, we determine that Petitioner has not demonstrated that there is a reasonable likelihood that it would prevail in showing the unpatentability of at least one of the challenged claims. For the reasons set forth below, and pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 314, we do not institute inter partes review of claims 1–4, 8–11, and 13–16 of the ’823 patent.” slip op. at 2
- Obviousness (§103) › Motivation to combine / reasonable expectation of successMotivation not foundNot shown unpatentable
“We do not find that the Petition presents sufficient reasoning to support why a person of skill in the art would modify Sigurdsson’s priority algorithm in view of Shappell’s and Rao’s teachings. Shappell and Rao simply teach that metadata is sent first and content or raw data is sent second. Petitioner contends that because the metadata is known to usually contain less data than a file and the updated version is newer, Sigurdsson’s priority algorithm should be reconfigured to assign greater priority to the metadata and lower priority to the files. Pet. 23–24; Ex. 1028 ¶ 177. Petitioner asserts that Sigurdsson motivates the modification because of the “natural harmony” of Sigurdsson’s algorithm to prioritizing metadata. Pet. 23; Ex. 1028 ¶ 177. There is no explanation provided in the Petition, however, as to why a person of ordinary skill in the art would opt to modify Sigurdsson to assign and compare priorities by reconfiguring the priority algorithm of Sigurdsson when there is the simpler way of using software to simply send metadata first and content second as taught in Shappell/Rao. Absent explanation in the Petition as to why one of skill in the art would opt to reconfigure Sigurdsson’s priority algorithm to assign and compare priorities rather than employing the simpler method taught in Shappell/Rao of just sending metadata first, the Petition lacks rational underpinning.” slip op. at 22
- PTAB / AIA Trials › Other PTAB motions (exclude, strike, seal, additional discovery, rehearing)Granted
“We have reviewed the motions and the documents at issue and have considered the explanations of the confidential nature of the materials for which sealing is sought. We find there is good cause and therefore we grant the motions to seal and the associated request to enter the protective order.” slip op. at 30
§ 103 obviousnesscites KSR · GrahamPatents in suitUS 10,754,823 - Box, Inc. / Dropbox, Inc. v. Topia Technology, Inc.Institution deniedPTAB · Aug 10, 2023 · IPR2023-00431 · APJ Sheila F Mcshane · IPR · Institution
The Board denied institution on both §103 grounds because the petition did not show a reasonable likelihood that the challenged claims required priority assignment and comparison.
RulingsInstitution decision- PTAB / AIA Trials › Institution threshold (reasonable likelihood / more likely than not)Institution denied meritsInstitution denied
“inter partes review may not be instituted “unless . . . the information presented in the petition . . . shows that there is a reasonable likelihood that the petitioner would prevail with respect to at least 1 of the claims challenged in the petition.” For the reasons that follow, we determine that Petitioner has not demonstrated that there is a reasonable likelihood that it would prevail in showing the unpatentability of at least one of the challenged claims. For the reasons set forth below, and pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 314, we do not institute inter partes review of claims 1–4, 8–11, and 13–16 of the ’787 patent.” slip op. at 2
- Skill levelSkill level petitioner adoptedDecided for petitioner
“bachelor’s degree in computer science (or a similar degree) with two years of work experience in developing software, including at least some experience with storage, synchronization, and human-computer interaction technologies.” Pet. 6 (citing Ex. 1028 ¶¶ 17, 21). Patent Owner does not 2 The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (“AIA”) included revisions to § 103 that became effective on March 16, 2013. Because the ’787 patent claims priority, through a continuation application, to a provisional application filed before March 16, 2013, and neither party has argued that the provisions of the AIA apply at this time, we apply the pre-AIA versions of the statutory bases for unpatentability. See Ex. 1007, codes (60), (63). 3 U.S. Publication No. 2007/0174246 A1, published July 26, 2007 (Ex. 1016). 4 U.S. Publication No. 2005/0091289 A1, published April 28, 2005 (Ex. 1020). 5 U.S. Publication No. 2006/0190506 A1, published April 24, 2006 (Ex. 1019). 6 U.S. Patent No. 7,035,847 B2, filed March 15, 2002 (Ex. 1025). 7 U.S. Publication No. 2005/0120082 A1, published June 2, 2005 (Ex. 1026). proposed definition. See generally Prelim. Resp. At this juncture, we determine that the qualifications proposed by Petitioner for an ordinarily skilled artisan are consistent with the level of skill reflected in the Specification and in the asserted prior art references. Okajima v. Bourdeau, 261 F.3d 1350, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2001). Accordingly, for purposes of this Decision, we adopt Petitioner’s definition.” slip op. at 8
- Claim Construction › Threshold & procedure › Whether a term needs construction (O2 Micro)No construction neededOther
“B. Claim Construction Neither party requests that we expressly construe any claim term. Pet. 6; see generally, Prelim. Resp. At this juncture, we determine that we do not need to expressly construe any claim term for this Decision. See Realtime Data, LLC v. Iancu, 912 F.3d 1368, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2019) (“The Board is required to construe ‘only those terms . . . that are in controversy, and only to the extent necessary to resolve the controversy.’” (quoting Vivid Techs., Inc. v. Am. Sci. & Eng’g, Inc., 200 F.3d 795, 803 (Fed. Cir. 1999))).” slip op. at 9
- Obviousness (§103) › Motivation to combine / reasonable expectation of successNot shown unpatentableMotivation not foundNot shown unpatentable
“We do not find that the Petition presents sufficient reasoning to support why a person of skill in the art would modify Sigurdsson’s priority algorithm in view of Shappell’s and Rao’s teachings. Shappell and Rao simply teach that metadata is sent first and content or raw data is sent second. Petitioner contends that because the metadata is known to usually contain less data than a file and the updated version is newer, Sigurdsson’s priority algorithm should be reconfigured to assign greater priority to the metadata and lower priority to the files. Pet. 23–24; Ex. 1028 ¶ 177. Petitioner asserts that Sigurdsson motivates the modification because of the “natural harmony” of Sigurdsson’s algorithm to prioritizing metadata. Pet. 23; Ex. 1028 ¶ 177. There is no explanation provided in the Petition, however, as to why a person of ordinary skill in the art would opt to modify Sigurdsson to assign and compare priorities by reconfiguring the priority algorithm of Sigurdsson when there is the simpler way of using software to simply send metadata first and content second as taught in Shappell/Rao. Absent explanation in the Sigurdsson’s priority algorithm to assign and compare priorities rather than employing the simpler method taught in Shappell/Rao of just sending metadata first, the Petition lacks rational underpinning.” slip op. at 22
Claim construction§ 103 obviousnessDiscretionary denialcites KSR · GrahamPatents in suitUS 10,642,787 - Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Columbia Insurance CompanySome claims unpatentablePTAB · Mar 15, 2023 · PGR2021-00109 · APJ Stephen E Belisle · PGR · Final written decision
Claims 1–12, 15–17, and 21–23 are unpatentable; the revised contingent motion to amend is granted for claim 32 and denied for claims 24–31, 33–35, 38–40, and 44–46.
RulingsFinal written decision- Skill levelSkill level board ownOther
“B. Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art Petitioner contends that a person of ordinary skill in the art, at the time” slip op. at 22
- BurdenNot shown unpatentable
“Accordingly, based on the foregoing and the complete record before” slip op. at 38
- Claim Construction › Intrinsic evidence (Phillips canons) › Plain and ordinary meaning to a POSITATerm construed board ownOther
“C. Claim Construction We apply the claim construction standard articulated in Phillips v.” slip op. at 23
- Disclosure Requirements (§112) › Definiteness (Nautilus)IndefiniteMixed
“persuaded by Petitioner that the limitations “a channel-shaped portion configured to receive the structural component” and “a base configured to receive an end portion of the structural component thereon to support the structural component” would not have informed the skilled artisan, with reasonable certainty, about the scope of the claimed invention. See Energizer Holdings, Inc. v. Int’l Trade Comm’n, 435 F.3d 1366, 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (“When the meaning of the claim would reasonably be understood by persons of ordinary skill when read in light of the specification, the claim is not subject to invalidity upon departure from the protocol of ‘antecedent basis.’”). Accordingly, we conclude that Petitioner” slip op. at 40
Patent outcomesUS 11,021,867 mixedClaim construction§ 103 obviousness§ 112 disclosurecites Phillips · KSR · Graham · NautilusPatents in suitUS 11,021,867 - Stmicroelectronics, Inc. v. Optical Licensing, LLCAdverse judgmentPTAB · Dec 22, 2022 · IPR2021-01593 · APJ Neil T Powell · IPR · Adverse judgment
The Board granted Patent Owner’s request for adverse judgment, entered a final written decision, cancelled oral argument, and terminated the proceeding.
RulingsAdverse judgment- Adverse judgmentAdverse judgmentGranted
“Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.73(b), a party may request judgment against itself at any time during a proceeding. Here, Patent Owner has expressly requested entry of adverse judgment. Patent Owner’s request for adverse judgment is granted.” slip op. at 2
NonePatents in suitUS 6,791,898 - Apple Inc. v. Zipit Wireless, Inc.Adverse judgmentPTAB · Dec 13, 2022 · IPR2021-01129 · APJ Trevor M Jefferson · IPR · Adverse judgment
The Board entered adverse judgment against Zipit Wireless and determined claims 1, 3–7, 10, 17, 21, 22, 28, 33–39, and 43–45 unpatentable after the Patent Owner abandoned the contest.
RulingsAdverse judgment- Adverse judgmentAdverse judgmentFwd all claims unpatentableGranted
“Pursuant to our rules, “[a]ctions construed to be a request for adverse judgment include . . . [a]bandonment of the contest.” 37 C.F.R. § 42.73(b)(4). In the present proceeding and three related proceedings, Patent Owner failed to file responses to the Petition, which is consistent with abandonment of the contest. In two closely related proceedings, IPR2021- 01130 and IPR2021-01131, however, Patent Owner filed substantive response papers and an oral hearing was held. See IPR2021-01130 Paper 10; IPR2021-01131 Paper 10. At the conclusion of the oral hearing in IPR2021-01130 and IPR2021-01131, Patent Owner addressed the present case and stated on the record that they are not contesting a final written decision or adverse judgment in the related cases in which Patent Owner did not file a response. IPR2021-01130 Paper 29, 64:3–64:20 (stating that” slip op. at 2
NonePatents in suitUS 7,894,837 - Apple Inc. v. Zipit Wireless, Inc.Adverse judgmentPTAB · Dec 13, 2022 · IPR2021-01126 · APJ Trevor M Jefferson · IPR · Adverse judgment
The Board entered adverse judgment against the Patent Owner and determined claims 22, 23, and 31–40 unpatentable based on abandonment of the contest.
RulingsAdverse judgment- Adverse judgmentAdverse judgmentFwd all claims unpatentableGranted
“Pursuant to our rules, “[a]ctions construed to be a request for adverse judgment include . . . [a]bandonment of the contest.” 37 C.F.R. § 42.73(b)(4). In the present proceeding and three related proceedings, Patent Owner failed to file responses to the Petition, which is consistent with abandonment of the contest. In two closely related proceedings, IPR2021- 01130 and IPR2021-01131, however, Patent Owner filed substantive response papers and an oral hearing was held. See IPR2021-01130 Paper 10; IPR2021-01131 Paper 10. At the conclusion of the oral hearing in IPR2021-01130 and IPR2021-01131, Patent Owner stated on the record that they are not contesting a final written decision or adverse judgment in the related cases that Patent Owner did not file a response. IPR2021-01130 Paper 29, 64:3–64:20 (stating that Patent Owner is not contesting adverse judgment “if the Board determines [Petitioner] met their burden of proof” slip op. at 2
NonePatents in suitUS 7,292,870
Holdings, summaries, rulings, issues, outcomes, winners and claim constructions shown for a decision were generated by a large language model reading the opinion. They are a guide to the decision, not the decision. Confirm every one against the court's own text before relying on it. Outcomes read from the patent owner’s side. Party names are extracted from the decision and are missing on about 900 short Director denials and scans, which carry the trial number instead.